Background: The native articular cartilage lacks the ability to heal. Currently, ex vivo expanded chondrocytes or\nbone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are used to regenerate the damaged cartilage. With unlimited\nself-renewal ability and multipotency, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been highlighted as a\nnew replacement cell source for cartilage repair. Still, further research is needed on cartilage regeneration using\ncord blood mononuclear cell-derived hiPSCs (CBMC-hiPSCs).\nMethods: Human iPSCs were generated from CBMCs using the Sendai virus. The characterization of CBMC-hiPSCs\nwas performed by various assays. Embryonic bodies (EBs) were obtained using CBMC-hiPSCs, and outgrowth cells\nwere induced by plating the EBs onto a gelatin-coated plate. Expanded outgrowth cells were detached and\ndissociated for chondrogenic differentiation. Outgrowth cells were differentiated into chondrogenic lineage with\npellet culture. Chondrogenic pellets were maintained for 30 days. The quality of chondrogenic pellets was\nevaluated using various staining and genetic analysis of cartilage-specific markers.\nResults: Reprogramming was successfully done using CBMCs. CBMC-hiPSCs (n = 3) showed high pluripotency and\nnormal karyotype. Chondrogenic pellets were generated from the outgrowth cells derived from CBMC-hiPSC EBs.\nThe generated chondrogenic pellets showed high expression of chondrogenic genetic markers such as ACAN,\nCOMP, COL2A1, and SOX9. The production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was confirmed by safranin O,\nalcian blue and toluidine blue staining. Expression of collagen type II and aggrecan was detected in the\naccumulated ECM by immunohistological staining. Chondrogenic pellets showed low expression of fibrotic and\nhypertrophic cartilage marker, collagen type I and X.\nConclusions: This study reveals the potential of CBMC-hiPSCs as a promising candidate for cartilage regeneration
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